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CentOS 6.5上inotify-tools使用方法 inotify 自己亲自做的 有大用 有大大用 有大大大用

星期五, 2018-07-06 10:11 — adminshiping1

1)可以在自己的百度网盘上搜  "inotify"

2)在由拖上 搜"inotify" 得到 由拖/watch?v=aR9ZL9pCPNw

Linux内核从2.6.13开始，引入了inotify机制。通过intofity机制，能够对文件系统的变化进行监控，如对文件进行创建、删除、修改等操作，可以及时通知应用程序进行相关事件的处理。这种响应处理机制，避免了频繁的文件轮询任务，提高了任务的处理效率。

一、检查系统内核版本


  1. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ ~]# uname -a
  2. Linux iZ25w1kdi5zZ 2.6.32-431.23.3.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jul 31 17:20:51 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux


二、检查系统是否支持inotify



  1. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ ~]# ls -lsart /proc/sys/fs/inotify
  2. total 0
  3. 0 dr-xr-xr-x 0 root root 0 Sep 19 09:38 ..
  4. 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan  1 13:51 max_user_watches
  5. 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan  1 13:51 max_user_instances
  6. 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan  1 13:51 max_queued_events
  7. 0 dr-xr-xr-x 0 root root 0 Jan  1 13:51 .

如果出现上面结果说明系统支持inotify。

三、下载安装


  1. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ src]# wget http://github.com/downloads/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz
  2. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ src]# tar -zvxf inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz
  3. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ src]# cd inotify-tools-3.14
  4. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ inotify-tools-3.14]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/inotify
  5. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ inotify-tools-3.14]# make
  6. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ inotify-tools-3.14]# make install

四、查看inotify默认参数



  1. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ bin]# sysctl -a | grep max_queued_events
  2. fs.inotify.max_queued_events = 16384
  3. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ bin]# sysctl -a | grep max_user_watches
  4. fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 8192
  5. fs.epoll.max_user_watches = 798863
  6. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ bin]# sysctl -a | grep max_user_instances
  7. fs.inotify.max_user_instances = 128

五、修改inotify参数


1、命令修改


  1. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ bin]# sysctl -w fs.inotify.max_user_instances=130
  2. fs.inotify.max_user_instances = 130

2、文件修改


  1. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
  2. #添加如下代码
  3. fs.inotify.max_user_instances=130

3、参数说明 


max_user_instances：每个用户创建inotify实例最大值

max_queued_events：inotify队列最大长度，如果值太小，会出现错误，导致监控文件不准确

max_user_watches：要知道同步的文件包含的目录数，可以用：[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZhome]# find /home/rain -type d|wc -l 统计，必须保证参数值大于统计结果（/home/rain为同步文件目录）。

六、创建实时监控脚本 

( 

先把 下面的  inotify_start.sh 文件中的   -mrdq 中的 d 去掉 ,执行 看有没有报错 可能报错 比如 
[root@ebs-22618 scripts]# ./inotify_start.sh
Failed to watch /; upper limit on inotify watches reached!

Please increase the amount of inotify watches allowed per user via `/proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches'.

此时 看  /node-admin/12141  然后 修改 max_queued_events,max_user_watches,max_user_instances 值 

)

 (下面的红色的  d 参数表示以守护进程的方式打开) (这样就会一直运行)

可以 /usr/local/inotify/bin/inotifywait --help 看看


  1. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ ~]# mkdir -p /opt/scripts

  3. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ ~]# cd /opt/scripts

  5. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ scripts]# vim inotify_start.sh

  7. /usr/local/inotify/bin/inotifywait -mrdq -e modify,create,move,delete,close_write,moved_to,moved_from  \

  9. --fromfile '/opt/scripts/ffile' \

  11. --timefmt '%y-%m-%d %H:%M' --format '%T %f %e' \

  13. --outfile '/tmp/inotify/rsync.log'
  1. inotifywait常用参数：

  3. --timefmt 时间格式

  5. %y年 %m月 %d日 %H小时 %M分钟

  7. --format 输出格式

  9. %T时间 %w路径 %f文件名 %e状态

  11. -m 始终保持监听状态，默认触发事件即退出。

  13. -r 递归查询目录

  15. -q 打印出监控事件

  17. -e 定义监控的事件，可用参数：

  19. open 打开文件

  21. access 访问文件

  23. modify 修改文件

  25. delete 删除文件

  27. create 新建文件

  29. attrb  属性变更
  1. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ scripts]# vim ffile

  3. /home/rain/

  5. @/home/rain/cache

我的 ffile  内容与上面不同,为

/home/wwwroot

@/tmp/inotify


上面的 @/home/rain/cache 表示排除这个目录的意思吧

[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ scripts]# chmod a+x ./inotify_start.sh


启动：

[root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ scripts]#  ./inotify_start.sh


  1. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ ~]# cd /home/rain
  2. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ rain]# mkdir yy
  1. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ rain]# cat /tmp/rsync.log
  2. 16-01-02 16:21 yy CREATE,ISDIR

六、1)还有最后一步要加入开机自启动 见  /node-admin/12145     /node-admin/11656

六、2)还要 ps -ef | grep inotify 看看 有没有这个进程

七、附录

1、inotifywait

使用方法和参数说明：

  1. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ bin]# ./inotifywait -h
  2. inotifywait 3.14
  3. Wait for a particular event on a file or set of files.
  4. Usage: inotifywait [ options ] file1 [ file2 ] [ file3 ] [ ... ]
  5. Options:
  6. -h|--help       Show this help text.
  7. @<file>         Exclude the specified file from being watched.
  8. --exclude <pattern>
  9. Exclude all events on files matching the
  10. extended regular expression <pattern>.
  11. --excludei <pattern>
  12. Like --exclude but case insensitive.
  13. -m|--monitor    Keep listening for events forever.  Without
  14. this option, inotifywait will exit after one
  15. event is received.
  16. -d|--daemon     Same as --monitor, except run in the background
  17. logging events to a file specified by --outfile.
  18. Implies --syslog.
  19. -r|--recursive  Watch directories recursively.
  20. --fromfile <file>
  21. Read files to watch from <file> or `-' for stdin.
  22.         -o|--outfile <file>
  23.                         Print events to <file> rather than stdout.
  24.         -s|--syslog     Send errors to syslog rather than stderr.
  25.         -q|--quiet      Print less (only print events).
  26.         -qq             Print nothing (not even events).
  27.         --format <fmt>  Print using a specified printf-like format
  28.                         string; read the man page for more details.
  29.         --timefmt <fmt> strftime-compatible format string for use with
  30.                         %T in --format string.
  31.         -c|--csv        Print events in CSV format.
  32.         -t|--timeout <seconds>
  33.                         When listening for a single event, time out after
  34.                         waiting for an event for <seconds> seconds.
  35.                         If <seconds> is 0, inotifywait will never time out.
  36.         -e|--event <event1> [ -e|--event <event2> ... ]
  37.                 Listen for specific event(s).  If omitted, all events are 
  38.                 listened for.
  40. Exit status:
  41.         0  -  An event you asked to watch for was received.
  42.         1  -  An event you did not ask to watch for was received
  43.               (usually delete_self or unmount), or some error occurred.
  44.         2  -  The --timeout option was given and no events occurred
  45.               in the specified interval of time.
  47. Events:
  48.         access          file or directory contents were read
  49.         modify          file or directory contents were written
  50.         attrib          file or directory attributes changed
  51.         close_write     file or directory closed, after being opened in
  52.                         writeable mode
  53.         close_nowrite   file or directory closed, after being opened in
  54.                         read-only mode
  55.         close           file or directory closed, regardless of read/write mode
  56.         open            file or directory opened
  57.         moved_to        file or directory moved to watched directory
  58.         moved_from      file or directory moved from watched directory
  59.         move            file or directory moved to or from watched directory
  60.         create          file or directory created within watched directory
  61.         delete          file or directory deleted within watched directory
  62.         delete_self     file or directory was deleted
  63.         unmount         file system containing file or directory unmounted


2、inotifywatch

使用方法和参数说明：

  1. [root@iZ25w1kdi5zZ bin]# ./inotifywatch -h
  2. inotifywatch 3.14
  3. Gather filesystem usage statistics using inotify.
  4. Usage: inotifywatch [ options ] file1 [ file2 ] [ ... ]
  5. Options:
  6. -h|--help       Show this help text.
  7. -v|--verbose    Be verbose.
  8. @<file>         Exclude the specified file from being watched.
  9. --fromfile <file>
  10. Read files to watch from <file> or `-' for stdin.
  11.         --exclude <pattern>
  12.                 Exclude all events on files matching the extended regular
  13.                 expression <pattern>.
  14.         --excludei <pattern>
  15.                 Like --exclude but case insensitive.
  16.         -z|--zero
  17.                 In the final table of results, output rows and columns even
  18.                 if they consist only of zeros (the default is to not output
  19.                 these rows and columns).
  20.         -r|--recursive  Watch directories recursively.
  21.         -t|--timeout <seconds>
  22.                 Listen only for specified amount of time in seconds; if
  23.                 omitted or 0, inotifywatch will execute until receiving an
  24.                 interrupt signal.
  25.         -e|--event <event1> [ -e|--event <event2> ... ]
  26.                 Listen for specific event(s).  If omitted, all events are 
  27.                 listened for.
  28.         -a|--ascending <event>
  29.                 Sort ascending by a particular event, or `total'.
  30. -d|--descending <event>
  31. Sort descending by a particular event, or `total'.
  33. Exit status:
  34.         0  -  Exited normally.
  35.         1  -  Some error occurred.
  37. Events:
  38.         access          file or directory contents were read
  39.         modify          file or directory contents were written
  40.         attrib          file or directory attributes changed
  41.         close_write     file or directory closed, after being opened in
  42.                         writeable mode
  43.         close_nowrite   file or directory closed, after being opened in
  44.                         read-only mode
  45.         close           file or directory closed, regardless of read/write mode
  46.         open            file or directory opened
  47.         moved_to        file or directory moved to watched directory
  48.         moved_from      file or directory moved from watched directory
  49.         move            file or directory moved to or from watched directory
  50.         create          file or directory created within watched directory
  51.         delete          file or directory deleted within watched directory
  52.         delete_self     file or directory was deleted
  53.         unmount         file system containing file or directory unmounted

来自  https://blog.csdn.net/god_wot/article/details/50448814

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