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RHEL4上安装基于postfix的全功能邮件服务器(全部使用目前最新源码包构建) 马哥写的 有大用
本文凝聚了作者不少的安装经验，写出来供各位同仁参考指正，也为自己留一个“备份”，以便以后安装时作为参照！
安装过程中借鉴了不少google出来的文章，是你们先行的足迹为作者今天的成功打下了基础，在此先行谢过！
转载请注明出处：http://marion.cublog.cn
[color=Blue][size=4]所用软件包：[/size][/color](本文中,以下软件包都将在/usr/local/src中存放)
Postfix-2.4.5
Mysql-5.0.45
Sasl-2.1.22
DB-4.5.20
Openssl-0.98e
httpd-2.2.4
Php-5.2.3
courier-authlib-0.59.3
courier-imap-4.1.3
Extmail-1.0.2
Extman-0.2.2
maildrop-2.0.4
clamav-0.91.2
amavisd-new
SpamAssassin-3.2.3
[color=Blue][size=4]系统逻辑结构[/size][/color]
[attach]213156[/attach]
[color=Blue][size=4]前提：[/size][/color]开始前请确保您已经配置好指向此邮件服务器MX记录及其它DNS设置；本示例中的域名为benet.org，邮件服务器FQDN为mail.benet.org，IP地址为192.168.1.6；同时，如果您的服务器事先已经安装了sendmail，请卸载之；
一、安装mysql-5.0.45
#groupadd mysql
#useradd -g mysql -s /bin/false -M mysql
#tar zxvf mysql-5.0.45.tar.gz
#cd mysql-5.0.45
#./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/mysql
--enable-thread-safe-client
--enable-local-infile
--with-charset=gbk
--with-extra-charset=all
--with-low-memory
#make
#make install
#cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
#cd /usr/local/mysql
#chown -R mysql .
#chgrp -R mysql .
#bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
#chown -R root .
#chown -R mysql var
#bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
#cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.0.45 (这里的目录指的是原压缩包解压后的目录)
#cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
#chmod 700 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
加入自动启动服务队列：
#chkconfig --add mysqld
#chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
测试
#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin ping
#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin version
#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
添加root密码
#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p 旧密码 password 新密码
说明：此时mysql的root用户的密码为空
配置库文件搜索路径
# echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
# ldconfig -v
添加/usr/local/mysql/bin到环境变量PATH中
#export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
二、安装openssl-0.9.8e
# tar zxvf openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz
# cd openssl-0.9.8e
# ./config shared zlib
# make
# make test
# make install
# mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl.OFF
# mv /usr/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl.OFF
# rm /usr/lib/libssl.so
# ln -s /usr/local/ssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl
# ln -s /usr/local/ssl/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl
# ln -sv /usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.so.0.9.8 /usr/lib/libssl.so
配置库文件搜索路径
# echo "/usr/local/ssl/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
# ldconfig -v
检测安装结果
# openssl version
OpenSSL 0.9.8e 23 Feb 2007
三、安装sasl-2.1.22
#tar zxvf cyrus-sasl-2.1.22.tar.gz
#cd cyrus-sasl-2.1.22
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sasl2 （注意使用续行符）
--disable-gssapi
--disable-anon
--disable-sample
--disable-digest
--enable-plain
--enable-login
--enable-sql
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
--with-mysql-includes=/usr/local/mysql/include/mysql --with-mysql-libs=/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql --with-authdaemond=/usr/local/courier-authlib/var/spool/authdaemon/socket
#make
#make install
关闭原有的sasl：
# mv /usr/lib/libsasl2.a /usr/lib/libsasl2.a.OFF
# mv /usr/lib/libsasl2.la /usr/lib/libsasl2.la.OFF
# mv /usr/lib/libsasl2.so.2.0.19 /usr/lib/libsasl2.so.2.0.19.OFF
# mv /usr/lib/sasl2 /usr/lib/sasl2.OFF
# rm /usr/lib/libsasl2.so
# rm /usr/lib/libsasl2.so.2
# ln -sv /usr/local/sasl2/lib/* /usr/lib
postfix 2.3以后的版本会分别在/usr/local/lib和/usr/local/include中搜索sasl库文件及头文件，故还须将其链接至此目录中：
# ln -sv /usr/local/sasl2/lib/* /usr/local/lib
# ln -sv /usr/local/sasl2/include/sasl/* /usr/local/include
创建运行时需要的目录并调试启动
# mkdir -pv /var/state/saslauthd
# /usr/local/sasl2/sbin/saslauthd -a shadow pam -d
启动并测试
# /usr/local/sasl2/sbin/saslauthd -a shadow pam
# /usr/local/sasl2/sbin/testsaslauthd -u root -p root用户密码
配置库文件搜索路径
# echo "/usr/local/sasl2/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
# echo "/usr/local/sasl2/lib/sasl2" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
# ldconfig -v
开机自动启动
# echo "/usr/local/sasl2/sbin/saslauthd -a shadow pam">>/etc/rc.local
四、安装BerkeleyDB
#tar zxvf db-4.5.20.tar.gz
#cd db-4.5.20/build_unix
#../dist/configure --prefix=/usr/local/BerkeleyDB
#make
#make install
修改相应的头文件指向
# mv /usr/include/db4 /usr/inculde/db4.OFF
# rm /usr/include/db_cxx.h
# rm /usr/include/db.h
# rm /usr/include/db_185.h
# ln -sv /usr/local/BerkeleyDB/include /usr/include/db4
# ln -sv /usr/local/BerkeleyDB/include/db.h /usr/include/db.h
# ln -sv /usr/local/BerkeleyDB/include/db_cxx.h /usr/include/db_cxx.h
配置库文件搜索路径
# echo "/usr/local/BerkeleyDB/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
# ldconfig –v
五、安装httpd-2.2.4
#tar jxvf httpd-2.2.4.tar.bz2
#cd httpd-2.2.4
#./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/apache
--sysconfdir=/etc/httpd
--enable-so
--enable-ssl
--with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl
--enable-track-vars
--enable-rewrite
--with-zlib
--enable-mods-shared=most
--enable-suexec (后面extmail切换”运行时用户”时要用到)
--with-suexec-caller=daemon
#make
#make install
#echo "/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start" >> /etc/rc.local(系统启动时服务自动启动)
六、安装php-5.2.3
# tar -zvxf php-5.2.3.tar.gz
# mkdir -p /usr/local/php
# cd php-5.2.3
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php
--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
--with-xml
--with-png
--with-jpeg
--with-zlib
--with-freetype
--with-gd
--enable-track-vars
--enable-mbstring=all
# make
# make install
# cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
注：编辑apache配置文件httpd.conf，以apache支持php
# vi /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
1、添加如下二行
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
2、定位至DirectoryIndex index.html
修改为：
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
3、按照使用习惯，这里将网站根目录指定到/var/www：
找到DocumentRoot “/usr/local/apache/htdocs”
修改为：DocumentRoot “/var/www”(后文中我们还会注释掉此行，以启用虚拟主机)
找到
修改为：
说明:这个对本文来说并非是不可少的。
七、安装Postfix-2.4.5
1．安装
#groupadd -g 2525 postfix
#useradd -g postfix -u 2525 -s /sbin/nologin -M postfix
#groupadd -g 2526 postdrop
#useradd -g postdrop -u 2526 -s /bin/false -M postdrop
#tar zxvf postfix-2.4.5.tar.gz
#cd postfix-2.4.5
#make makefiles 'CCARGS=-DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/local/mysql/include/mysql -DUSE_SASL_AUTH -DUSE_CYRUS_SASL -I/usr/local/sasl2/include/sasl -I/usr/local/BerkeleyDB/include -DUSE_TLS -I/usr/local/ssl/include/openssl ' 'AUXLIBS=-L/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql -lmysqlclient -lz -lm -L/usr/local/sasl2/lib -lsasl2 -L/usr/local/BerkeleyDB/lib -L/usr/local/ssl/lib -lssl -lcrypto'
#make
#make install
按照以下的提示输入相关的路径([]号中的是缺省值，”]”后的是输入值)
install_root: [/] /
tempdir: [/usr/local/src/ postfix-2.4.5] /tmp
config_directory: [/etc/postfix] /etc/postfix
daemon_directory: [/usr/libexec/postfix] /usr/local/postfix/libexec
command_directory: [/usr/sbin] /usr/local/postfix/sbin
queue_directory: [/var/spool/postfix]
sendmail_path: [/usr/sbin/sendmail]
newaliases_path: [/usr/bin/newaliases]
mailq_path: [/usr/bin/mailq]
mail_owner: [postfix]
setgid_group: [postdrop]
html_directory: [no] /var/www/postfix_html
manpages: [/usr/local/man] /usr/local/postfix/man
readme_directory: [no]
[color=Blue]说明：[/color]这里的postfix将安装在独立的目录/usr/local/postfix中，目的是为了方便管理；您亦可以采用默认安装的方式，可能这样使用起来会更为方便些；
生成别名二进制文件，这个步骤如果忽略，会造成postfix效率极低：
# newaliases
2．进行一些基本配置，测试启动postfix并进行发信
#vi /etc/postfix/main.cf
修改以下几项为您需要的配置
myhostname = mail.benet.org
myorigin = benet.org
mydomain = benet.org
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain
mynetworks = 192.168.1.0/24, 127.0.0.0/8
[color=Blue]说明:[/color]
myorigin参数用来指明发件人所在的域名；
mydestination参数指定postfix接收邮件时收件人的域名，即您的postfix系统要接收到哪个域名的邮件；
myhostname 参数指定运行postfix邮件系统的主机的主机名，默认情况下，其值被设定为本地机器名；
mydomain参数指定您的域名，默认情况下，postfix将myhostname的第一部分删除而作为mydomain的值；
mynetworks 参数指定你所在的网络的网络地址，postfix系统根据其值来区别用户是远程的还是本地的，如果是本地网络用户则允许其访问；
inet_interfaces 参数指定postfix系统监听的网络接口；
[color=Blue]注意：[/color]
1、在postfix的配置文件中，参数行和注释行是不能处在同一行中的；
2、任何一个参数的值都不需要加引号，否则，引号将会被当作参数值的一部分来使用；
3、每修改参数及其值后执行 postfix reload 即可令其生效；但若修改了inet_interfaces，则需重新启动postfix；
4、如果一个参数的值有多个，可以将它们放在不同的行中，只需要在其后的每个行前多置一个空格即可；postfix会把第一个字符为空格或tab的文本行视为上一行的延续；
启动postfix
/usr/local/postfix/sbin/postfix start
连接postfix，验正服务启动状况：
# telnet localhost 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1).
Escape character is '^]'.
220 mail.benet.org ESMTP Postfix
ehlo mail.benet.org
250-mail.benet.org
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
mail from:root@benet.org
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt to:redhat@benet.org
250 2.1.5 Ok
data
354 End data with
subject:Mail test!
Mail test!!!
.
250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as AB94A1A561
quit
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.
切换到redhat用户进行收信：
# su - redhat
$ mail
Mail version 8.1 6/6/93. Type ? for help.
"/var/spool/mail/redhat": 1 message 1 new
>N 1 [email]root@benet.org[/email] Wed Sep 5 10:59 15/488 "Mail test!"
&
八、为postfix开启基于cyrus-sasl的认证功能
使用以下命令验正postfix是否支持cyrus风格的sasl认证，如果您的输出为以下结果，则是支持的：
# /usr/local/postfix/sbin/postconf -a
cyrus
dovecot
#vi /etc/postfix/main.cf
添加以下内容：
############################CYRUS-SASL############################
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_invalid_hostname,reject_non_fqdn_hostname,reject_unknown_sender_domain,reject_non_fqdn_sender,reject_non_fqdn_recipient,reject_unknown_recipient_domain,reject_unauth_pipelining,reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_application_name = smtpd
smtpd_banner = Welcome to our $myhostname ESMTP,Warning: Version not Available!
#vi /usr/local/lib/sasl2/smtpd.conf
添加如下内容：
pwcheck_method: saslauthd
mech_list: PLAIN LOGIN
让postfix重新加载配置文件
#/usr/local/postfix/sbin/postfix reload
# telnet localhost 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1).
Escape character is '^]'.
220 Welcome to our mail.benet.org ESMTP,Warning: Version not Available!
ehlo mail.benet.org
250-mail.benet.org
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN
250-AUTH=PLAIN LOGIN （请确保您的输出以类似两行）
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
九、让postfix支持虚拟域和虚拟用户
1、编辑/etc/postfix/main.cf，添加如下内容：
########################Virtual Mailbox Settings########################
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mailbox
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_alias_domains =
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
virtual_uid_maps = static:2525
virtual_gid_maps = static:2525
virtual_transport = virtual
maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1
maildrop_destination_concurrency_limit = 1
##########################QUOTA Settings########################
message_size_limit = 14336000
virtual_mailbox_limit = 20971520
virtual_create_maildirsize = yes
virtual_mailbox_extended = yes
virtual_mailbox_limit_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_limit_override = yes
virtual_maildir_limit_message = Sorry, the user's maildir has overdrawn his diskspace quota, please Tidy your mailbox and try again later.
virtual_overquota_bounce = yes
2、添加为支持虚拟域和虚拟用户所用到的配置文件
编辑/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf ，添加如下内容：
user = extmail
password = extmail
hosts = localhost
dbname = extmail
table = alias
select_field = goto
where_field = address
编辑/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf ，添加如下内容：
user = extmail
password = extmail
hosts = localhost
dbname = extmail
table = domain
select_field = description
where_field = domain
编辑/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf ，添加如下内容：
user = extmail
password = extmail
hosts = localhost
dbname = extmail
table = mailbox
select_field = quota
where_field = username
编辑/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf ，添加如下内容：
user = extmail
password = extmail
hosts = localhost
dbname = extmail
table = mailbox
select_field = maildir
where_field = username
[color=Blue]说明：[/color]
1、这里用到的数据库及用户的建立可以后文中的extmail说明部分来实现，您可以参照那一部分来理解这里指定的数据库及其用户名等；
2、以上新建文件亦可以从extman安装文件中获得，您也可以由此不用手动输入；
3、虚拟用户邮箱目录我这里沿用了/var/mailbox，你可以指定为别的目录，比如常见到的/var/spool/mail，或者/home/domains等；但如果这里做了修改，请在后文中用到时作了相应的修改；
十、安装Courier authentication library
# tar jxvf courier-authlib-0.59.3.tar.bz2
# cd courier-authlib-0.59.3
#./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/courier-authlib
--sysconfdir=/etc
--without-authpam
--without-authldap
--without-authpwd
--without-authshadow
--without-authvchkpw
--without-authpgsql
--with-authmysql
--with-mysql-libs=/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql
--with-mysql-includes=/usr/local/mysql/include/mysql
--with-redhat
--with-authmysqlrc=/etc/authmysqlrc
--with-authdaemonrc=/etc/authdaemonrc
CFLAGS="-march=i686 -O2 -fexpensive-optimizations"
CXXFLAGS="-march=i686 -O2 -fexpensive-optimizations"
# make
# make install
# chmod 755 /usr/local/courier-authlib/var/spool/authdaemon
# cp /etc/authdaemonrc.dist /etc/authdaemonrc
# cp /etc/authmysqlrc.dist /etc/authmysqlrc
修改/etc/authdaemonrc 文件
authmodulelist="authmysql"
authmodulelistorig="authmysql"
daemons=10
编辑/etc/authmysqlrc 为以下内容，其中2525，2525 为postfix 用户的UID和GID。
MYSQL_SERVER localhost
MYSQL_PORT 3306 (指定你的mysql监听的端口，这里使用默认的3306)
MYSQL_USERNAME extmail (这时为后文要用的数据库的所有者的用户名)
MYSQL_PASSWORD extmail (密码)
MYSQL_SOCKET /tmp/mysql.sock
MYSQL_DATABASE extmail
MYSQL_USER_TABLE mailbox
MYSQL_CRYPT_PWFIELD password
MYSQL_UID_FIELD '2525'
MYSQL_GID_FIELD '2525'
MYSQL_LOGIN_FIELD username
MYSQL_HOME_FIELD concat('/var/mailbox/',homedir)
MYSQL_NAME_FIELD name
MYSQL_MAILDIR_FIELD concat('/var/mailbox/',maildir)
# cp courier-authlib.sysvinit /etc/init.d/courier-authlib
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/courier-authlib
# chkconfig --add courier-authlib
# chkconfig --level 2345 courier-authlib on
#echo "/usr/local/courier-authlib/lib/courier-authlib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
# ldconfig -v
# service courier-authlib start (启动服务)
十一、安装Courier-IMAP
# tar jxvf courier-imap-4.1.3.tar.bz2
# cd courier-imap-4.1.3
./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/courier-imap
--with-redhat
--enable-unicode
--disable-root-check
--with-trashquota
--without-ipv6
CPPFLAGS='-I/usr/local/ssl/include/openssl -I/usr/local/courier-authlib/include'
LDFLAGS='-L/usr/local/courier-authlib/lib/courier-authlib'
COURIERAUTHCONFIG='/usr/local/courier-authlib/bin/courierauthconfig'
# make
# make install
# cp /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/imapd.dist /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/imapd
# cp /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/imapd-ssl.dist /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/imapd-ssl
# cp /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/pop3d.dist /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/pop3d
# cp /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/pop3d-ssl.dist /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/pop3d-ssl
配置Courier-IMAP，为用户提供pop3服务：
vi /usr/local/courier-imap/etc/pop3d
POP3DSTART=YES
注：如果你想为用户提供IMAP服务，则需在"/usr/local/courier-imap/etc/imapd"文件中设置"IMAPDSTART=yes"；其它类同；
新建虚拟用户邮箱所在的目录，并将其权限赋予postfix用户：
#mkdir –pv /var/mailbox
#chown –R postfix /var/mailbox
#cp courier-imap.sysvinit /etc/rc.d/init.d/courier-imapd
#chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/courier-imapd
#chkconfig --add courier-imapd
#chkconfig --level 2345 courier-imapd on
#service courier-imapd start
接下来重新配置SMTP 认证，编辑 /usr/local/lib/sasl2/smtpd.conf ，确保其为以下内容：
pwcheck_method: authdaemond
log_level: 3
mech_list:PLAIN LOGIN
authdaemond_path:/usr/local/courier-authlib/var/spool/authdaemon/socket