SQL Server 2008 和 HashBytes 有大用

问题描述

我有一个很大的 nvarchar，我希望将其传递给 HashBytes 函数.我收到错误:

"字符串或二进制将被截断.无法将值 NULL 插入列 'colname', tbale 'table';列不允许空值.更新失败.该声明已终止."

由于机智，我发现这是由于 HashBytes 函数的最大限制为 8000 字节.进一步搜索向我展示了一个解决方案"，其中我的大 varchar 将被分开并单独散列，然后与此用户定义的函数结合:

function [dbo].[udfLargeHashTable] (@algorithm nvarchar(4), @InputDataString varchar(MAX))
RETURNS varbinary(MAX)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE
    @Index int,
    @InputDataLength int,
    @ReturnSum varbinary(max),
    @InputData varbinary(max)

SET @ReturnSum = 0
SET @Index = 1
SET @InputData = convert(binary,@InputDataString)
SET @InputDataLength = DATALENGTH(@InputData)

WHILE @Index <= @InputDataLength
BEGIN
    SET @ReturnSum = @ReturnSum + HASHBYTES(@algorithm, SUBSTRING(@InputData, @Index, 8000))
    SET @Index = @Index + 8000
END
RETURN @ReturnSum
END

我打电话给:

set @ReportDefinitionHash=convert(int,dbo.[udfLargeHashTable]('SHA1',@ReportDefinitionForLookup))

@ReportDefinitionHash 是 int，@ReportDefinitionForLookup 是 varchar

传递像test"这样的简单字符会在我的 UDF 中产生一个与普通调用 HashBytes 产生的不同的 int.

对这个问题有什么建议吗?

推荐答案

只需使用此功能(取自 使用用户定义函数散列大数据字符串):

create function dbo.fn_hashbytesMAX
    ( @string  nvarchar(max)
    , @Algo    varchar(10)
    )
    returns varbinary(20)
as
/************************************************************
*
*    Author:        Brandon Galderisi
*    Last modified: 15-SEP-2009 (by Denis)
*    Purpose:       uses the system function hashbytes as well
*                   as sys.fn_varbintohexstr to split an 
*                   nvarchar(max) string and hash in 8000 byte 
*                   chunks hashing each 8000 byte chunk,,
*                   getting the 40 byte output, streaming each 
*                   40 byte output into a string then hashing 
*                   that string.
*
*************************************************************/
begin
     declare    @concat       nvarchar(max)
               ,@NumHash      int
               ,@HASH         varbinary(20)
     set @NumHash = ceiling((datalength(@string)/2)/(4000.0))
    /* HashBytes only supports 8000 bytes so split the string if it is larger */
    if @NumHash>1
    begin
                                                        -- # * 4000 character strings
          ;with a as (select 1 as n union all select 1) -- 2 
               ,b as (select 1 as n from a ,a a1)       -- 4
               ,c as (select 1 as n from b ,b b1)       -- 16
               ,d as (select 1 as n from c ,c c1)       -- 256
               ,e as (select 1 as n from d ,d d1)       -- 65,536
               ,f as (select 1 as n from e ,e e1)       -- 4,294,967,296 = 17+ TRILLION characters
               ,factored as (select row_number() over (order by n) rn from f)
               ,factors as (select rn,(rn*4000)+1 factor from factored)

          select @concat = cast((
          select right(sys.fn_varbintohexstr
                         (
                         hashbytes(@Algo, substring(@string, factor - 4000, 4000))
                         )
                      , 40) + ''
          from Factors
          where rn <= @NumHash
          for xml path('')
          ) as nvarchar(max))


          set @HASH = dbo.fn_hashbytesMAX(@concat ,@Algo)
    end
     else
     begin
          set @HASH = convert(varbinary(20), hashbytes(@Algo, @string))
     end

return @HASH
end

结果如下:

select 
 hashbytes('sha1', N'test') --native function with nvarchar input
,hashbytes('sha1', 'test') --native function with varchar input 
,dbo.fn_hashbytesMAX('test', 'sha1') --Galderisi's function which casts to nvarchar input
,dbo.fnGetHash('sha1', 'test') --your function

输出:

0x87F8ED9157125FFC4DA9E06A7B8011AD80A53FE1  
0xA94A8FE5CCB19BA61C4C0873D391E987982FBBD3  
0x87F8ED9157125FFC4DA9E06A7B8011AD80A53FE1   
0x00000000AE6DBA4E0F767D06A97038B0C24ED720662ED9F1

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