fopen() will block if the file to be opened is a fifo. This is true whether it's opened in "r" or "w" mode. (See man 7 fifo: this is the correct, default behaviour; although Linux supports non-blocking fopen() of a fifo, PHP doesn't).
The consequence of this is that you can't discover whether an initial fifo read/write would block because to do that you need stream_select(), which in turn requires that fopen() has happened! You are here
php fopen
fopen
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
说明 ¶
resource fopen ( string
$filename , string $mode [, bool $use_include_path = false [, resource $context ]] )fopen() 将 filename 指定的名字资源绑定到一个流上。
参数 ¶
filename如果
filename是 "scheme://..." 的格式，则被当成一个 URL，PHP 将搜索协议处理器（也被称为封装协议）来处理此模式。如果该协议尚未注册封装协议，PHP 将发出一条消息来帮助检查脚本中潜在的问题并将filename当成一个普通的文件名继续执行下去。如果 PHP 认为
filename指定的是一个本地文件，将尝试在该文件上打开一个流。该文件必须是 PHP 可以访问的，因此需要确认文件访问权限允许该访问。如果激活了安全模式或者 open_basedir 则会应用进一步的限制。如果 PHP 认为
filename指定的是一个已注册的协议，而该协议被注册为一个网络 URL，PHP 将检查并确认 allow_url_fopen 已被激活。如果关闭了，PHP 将发出一个警告，而 fopen 的调用则失败。Note:
所支持的协议列表见支持的协议和封装协议。某些协议（也被称为 wrappers）支持 context 和／或 php.ini 选项。参见相应的页面哪些选项可以被设定（例如 php.ini 中用于 http wrapper 的 user_agent 值）。
On the Windows platform, be careful to escape any backslashes used in the path to the file, or use forward slashes.
<?php
$handle = fopen("c:\\folder\\resource.txt", "r");
?>modemode参数指定了所要求到该流的访问类型。可以是以下：fopen() 中 mode的可能值列表mode说明 'r' 只读方式打开，将文件指针指向文件头。 'r+' 读写方式打开，将文件指针指向文件头。 'w' 写入方式打开，将文件指针指向文件头并将文件大小截为零。如果文件不存在则尝试创建之。 'w+' 读写方式打开，将文件指针指向文件头并将文件大小截为零。如果文件不存在则尝试创建之。 'a' 写入方式打开，将文件指针指向文件末尾。如果文件不存在则尝试创建之。 'a+' 读写方式打开，将文件指针指向文件末尾。如果文件不存在则尝试创建之。 'x' 创建并以写入方式打开，将文件指针指向文件头。如果文件已存在，则 fopen() 调用失败并返回 FALSE，并生成一条E_WARNING级别的错误信息。如果文件不存在则尝试创建之。这和给 底层的 open(2) 系统调用指定 O_EXCL|O_CREAT 标记是等价的。'x+' 创建并以读写方式打开，其他的行为和 'x' 一样。 'c' Open the file for writing only. If the file does not exist, it is created. If it exists, it is neither truncated (as opposed to 'w'), nor the call to this function fails (as is the case with 'x'). The file pointer is positioned on the beginning of the file. This may be useful if it's desired to get an advisory lock (see flock()) before attempting to modify the file, as using 'w' could truncate the file before the lock was obtained (if truncation is desired, ftruncate() can be used after the lock is requested). 'c+' Open the file for reading and writing; otherwise it has the same behavior as 'c'. Note:
不同的操作系统家族具有不同的行结束习惯。当写入一个文本文件并想插入一个新行时，需要使用符合操作系统的行结束符号。基于 Unix 的系统使用 \n 作为行结束字符，基于 Windows 的系统使用 \r\n 作为行结束字符，基于 Macintosh 的系统使用 \r 作为行结束字符。
如果写入文件时使用了错误的行结束符号，则其它应用程序打开这些文件时可能会表现得很怪异。
Windows 下提供了一个文本转换标记（'t'）可以透明地将 \n 转换为 \r\n。与此对应还可以使用 'b' 来强制使用二进制模式，这样就不会转换数据。要使用这些标记，要么用 'b' 或者用 't' 作为
mode参数的最后一个字符。默认的转换模式依赖于 SAPI 和所使用的 PHP 版本，因此为了便于移植鼓励总是指定恰当的标记。如果是操作纯文本文件并在脚本中使用了 \n 作为行结束符，但还要期望这些文件可以被其它应用程序例如 Notepad 读取，则在 mode 中使用 't'。在所有其它情况下使用 'b'。
在操作二进制文件时如果没有指定 'b' 标记，可能会碰到一些奇怪的问题，包括坏掉的图片文件以及关于 \r\n 字符的奇怪问题。
Note:
为移植性考虑，强烈建议在用 fopen() 打开文件时总是使用 'b' 标记。
Note:
再一次，为移植性考虑，强烈建议你重写那些依赖于 't' 模式的代码使其使用正确的行结束符并改成 'b' 模式。
use_include_path如果也需要在 include_path 中搜寻文件的话，可以将可选的第三个参数
use_include_path设为 '1' 或TRUE。contextNote: 在 PHP 5.0.0 中增加了对上下文（Context）的支持。有关上下文（Context）的说明参见 Streams。
返回值 ¶
成功时返回文件指针资源，如果打开失败，本函数返回 FALSE。
更新日志 ¶
| 版本 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| 4.3.2 | 自 PHP 4.3.2 起，对所有区别二进制和文本模式的平台默认模式都被设为二进制模式。如果在升级后脚本碰到问题，尝试暂时使用 't' 标记，直到所有的脚本都照以下所说的改为更具移植性以后。 |
| 4.3.2 | 增加了选项 'x' 和 'x+' |
| 5.2.6 | 增加了选项 'c' 和 'c+' |
范例 ¶
Example #1 fopen() 例子
<?php
$handle = fopen("/home/rasmus/file.txt", "r");
$handle = fopen("/home/rasmus/file.gif", "wb");
$handle = fopen("http://www.example.com/", "r");
$handle = fopen("ftp://user:password@example.com/somefile.txt", "w");
?> 注释 ¶
Warning
使用 SSL 时，Microsoft IIS 会违反协议不发送close_notify标记就关闭连接。PHP 会在到达数据尾端时报告“SSL: Fatal Protocol Error”。 要解决此问题，error_reporting 应设定为降低级别至不包含警告。 PHP 4.3.7 及更高版本可以在使用 https:// 包装器打开流时检测出有问题的 IIS 服务器软件 并抑制警告。在使用 fsockopen() 创建 ssl:// 套接字时, 开发者需检测并抑制此警告。
Note: 当启用 安全模式时， PHP 会在执行脚本时检查被脚本操作的目录是否与被执行的脚本有相同的 UID（所有者）。
Note:
如果在用服务器模块版本的 PHP 时在打开和写入文件上遇到问题，记住要确保所使用的文件和目录是服务器进程所能够访问的。
Note:
This function may also succeed when
filenameis a directory. If you are unsure whetherfilenameis a file or a directory, you may need to use the is_dir() function before calling fopen().
参见 ¶
- 支持的协议和封装协议
- fclose() - 关闭一个已打开的文件指针
- fgets() - 从文件指针中读取一行
- fread() - 读取文件（可安全用于二进制文件）
- fwrite() - 写入文件（可安全用于二进制文件）
- fsockopen() - Open Internet or Unix domain socket connection
- file() - 把整个文件读入一个数组中
- file_exists() - 检查文件或目录是否存在
- is_readable() - 判断给定文件名是否可读
- stream_set_timeout() - Set timeout period on a stream
- popen() - 打开进程文件指针
- stream_context_create() - Creates a stream context
- umask() - 改变当前的 umask
- SplFileObject
add a noteUser Contributed Notes 47 notes
php at richardneill dot org ¶
2 years ago
RobNar ¶
10 years ago
This is an addendum to ibetyouare at home dot com's note about Apache directory permissions. If you are on a shared host and cannot tweak Apache's permissions directives then you might try setting the same thing in a .htaccess file. Failing that, if you are having trouble just creating files then set the directory permissions to allow writing (for whatever directory the file is supposed to be in) and include the following before fopen():
`touch /path/to/myfile/myfile.txt`;
That will usually create a new empty file that you can write to even when fopen fails. - PHP 4.3.0 flobee ¶
7 years ago
download: i need a function to simulate a "wget url" and do not buffer the data in the memory to avoid thouse problems on large files:
<?php
function download($file_source, $file_target) {
$rh = fopen($file_source, 'rb');
$wh = fopen($file_target, 'wb');
if ($rh===false || $wh===false) {
// error reading or opening file
return true;
}
while (!feof($rh)) {
if (fwrite($wh, fread($rh, 1024)) === FALSE) {
// 'Download error: Cannot write to file ('.$file_target.')';
return true;
}
}
fclose($rh);
fclose($wh);
// No error
return false;
}
?> Pastix ¶
3 years ago
If fopen() has been disabled for security reasons, is possible a porting FROM:
<?php
$f=fopen($file,'rb');
$data='';
while(!feof($f))
$data.=fread($f,$size);
fclose($f);
?>
TO:
<?php
$data = file_get_contents($file); // (PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5)
?>
and also a porting FROM:
<?php
$f = fopen($file,'wb');
fwrite($f,$content,strlen($content));
fclose($f);
?>
TO:
<?php
$f=file_put_contents($file, $content); // (PHP 5)
?>
For detail read the php manual. sergiopaternoster at tiscali dot it ¶
9 years ago
If you want to open large files (more than 2GB) that's what I did and it works: you should recompile your php with the CFLAGS="-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64" ./configure etc... This tells to your compiler (I tested only gcc on PHP-4.3.4 binary on Linux and Solaris) to make the PHP parser binary large file aware. This way fopen() will not give you the "Value too large for defined data type" error message.
God bless PHP
ciao
Sergio Paternoster apathetic012 at gmail dot com ¶
1 year ago
a variable $http_response_header is available when doing the fopen(). Which contains an array of the response header. Jem Tallon ¶
9 years ago
If you're using fopen to open a URL that requires authorization, you might need to force a HTTP/1.0 request for it since fopen won't support HTTP/1.1 requests. You can do that by setting your user_agent to one that is known only to support HTTP/1.0 (most webservers will be configured to force HTTP/1.0 for some browsers). Here's what worked for me:
<?php
$returned=URLopen("http://$username:$password@example.com");
function URLopen($url)
{
// Fake the browser type
ini_set('user_agent','MSIE 4\.0b2;');
$dh = fopen("$url",'r');
$result = fread($dh,8192);
return $result;
}
?> kasper at webmasteren dot eu ¶
1 year ago
"Do not use the following reserved device names for the name of a file:
CON, PRN, AUX, NUL, COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4, COM5, COM6, COM7, COM8, COM9, LPT1,
LPT2, LPT3, LPT4, LPT5, LPT6, LPT7, LPT8, and LPT9. Also avoid these names
followed immediately by an extension; for example, NUL.txt is not recommended.
For more information, see Namespaces"
it is a windows limitation.
see:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx splogamurugan at gmail dot com ¶
2 years ago
While opening a file with multibyte data (Ex: données multi-octets), faced some issues with the encoding. Got to know that it uses windows-1250. Used iconv to convert it to UTF-8 and it resolved the issue.
<?php
function utf8_fopen_read($fileName) {
$fc = iconv('windows-1250', 'utf-8', file_get_contents($fileName));
$handle=fopen("php://memory", "rw");
fwrite($handle, $fc);
fseek($handle, 0);
return $handle;
}
?>
Example usage:
<?php
$fh = utf8_fopen_read("./tpKpiBundle.csv");
while (($data = fgetcsv($fh, 1000, ",")) !== false) {
foreach ($data as $value) {
echo $value . "<br />\n";
}
}
?>
Hope it helps. chapman at worldtakeoverindustries dot com ¶
1 year ago
Note - using fopen in 'w' mode will NOT update the modification time (filemtime) of a file like you may expect. You may want to issue a touch() after writing and closing the file which update its modification time. This may become critical in a caching situation, if you intend to keep your hair. owltech at larkandowl dot net ¶
2 years ago
[fopen note]
I have been trying unsuccessfully to upload and read a Mac OS file on a Linux server. Lots of records show up a just one big using only the following:
<?php $fhandle = fopen($file, 'r'); ?>
or
<?php $fhandle = fopen($file, 'rb'); ?>
It does work, however, this way:
<?php
ini_set('auto_detect_line_endings', TRUE);
$fhandle = fopen($file, 'r');
?> gmdebby at gmail dot com ¶
4 years ago
I was wondering why was added the "x" mode, it works only if the file do not exists, will create it and open it in read only, it's useless !!
But I found something I could do with that.
Here is a little mk_file function.
<?php
function mk_file($filename) {
if(!is_file($filename)) {
fclose(fopen($filename,"x")); //create the file and close it
return true;
} else return false; //file already exists
}
?>
You can improve it, add chmod support etc... php at delhelsa dot com ¶
5 years ago
With php 5.2.5 on Apache 2.2.4, accessing files on an ftp server with fopen() or readfile() requires an extra forwardslash if an absolute path is needed.
i.e., if a file called bullbes.txt is stored under /var/school/ on ftp server example.com and you're trying to access it with user blossom and password buttercup, the url would be:
ftp://blossom:buttercup@example.com//var/school/bubbles.txt
Note the two forwardslashes. It looks like the second one is needed so the server won't interpret the path as relative to blossom's home on townsville. Thomas Candrian tc_ at gmx dot ch ¶
9 years ago
With this it isn't possible to get data from another port than 80 (and 443) - at least for me. Because of that I've made this function who gets data from every port you want using HTTP:
<?php;
function getcontent($server, $port, $file)
{
$cont = "";
$ip = gethostbyname($server);
$fp = fsockopen($ip, $port);
if (!$fp)
{
return "Unknown";
}
else
{
$com = "GET $file HTTP/1.1\r\nAccept: */*\r\nAccept-Language: de-ch\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)\r\nHost: $server:$port\r\nConnection: Keep-Alive\r\n\r\n";
fputs($fp, $com);
while (!feof($fp))
{
$cont .= fread($fp, 500);
}
fclose($fp);
$cont = substr($cont, strpos($cont, "\r\n\r\n") + 4);
return $cont;
}
}
echo getcontent("www.myhost.com", "81", "/"));
?>
Works fine for me. Had to do this especially for a shoutcast server, which only delivered the HTML-file if the user-agent was given. admin at sellchain dot com ¶
8 years ago
TIP: If you are using fopen and fread to read HTTP or FTP or Remote Files, and experiencing some performance issues such as stalling, slowing down and otherwise, then it's time you learned a thing called cURL.
Performance Comparison:
10 per minute for fopen/fread for 100 HTTP files
2000 per minute for cURL for 2000 HTTP files
cURL should be used for opening HTTP and FTP files, it is EXTREMELY reliable, even when it comes to performance.
I noticed when using too many scripts at the same time to download the data from the site I was harvesting from, fopen and fread would go into deadlock. When using cURL i can open 50 windows, running 10 URL's from each window, and getting the best performance possible.
Just a Tip :) merye at web-graphique dot com ¶
2 years ago
I had to switch from relative paths to full paths when my web host recently migrated the server onto their hosting cloud. This used to work for me:
<?php
$fplog = fopen('ipn.log','a');
?>
After the migration, however, I received the following error message:
Warning: fopen(ipn.log) [function.fopen]: failed to open stream: Permission denied in D:\home\server_name\log_test.php on line 21
I had to change the code to the following to get it to work:
<?php
$logfile = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'\\ipn.log';
$fplog = fopen($logfile,'a');
?> eyrie88 at gmail dot com ¶
3 years ago
Be aware that fopen($url) also respects HTTP status headers. If the URL responds with a 1xx, 4xx, or 5xx status code, you will get a "failed to open stream: HTTP request failed!", followed by the HTTP status response. Same goes for file_get_contents($url)... magnetik at magnetik dot org ¶
3 years ago
There IS an option to use fopen with a proxy, it's in $context.
No need to recode everything. webmaster at myeshop dot fr ¶
5 years ago
Also a small function useful for backup for example. It's a mixed between the fopen() and the mkdir() functions.
This function opens a file but also make the path recursively where the file is contained. This is helpful for ending to finish with "No such file or directory in" errors
<?php
function fopen_recursive($path, $mode, $chmod=0755){
preg_match('`^(.+)/([a-zA-Z0-9]+\.[a-z]+)$`i', $path, $matches);
$directory = $matches[1];
$file = $matches[2];
if (!is_dir($directory)){
if (!mkdir($directory, $chmod, 1)){
return FALSE;
}
}
return fopen ($path, $mode);
}
?> Luiz Miguel Axcar (lmaxcar at yahoo dot com dot br) ¶
8 years ago
If you are getting message "Warning: fopen(): URL file-access is disabled in the server configuration", you can use function below to get the content from a local or remote file.
Function uses CURL lib, follow the link to get help: http://www.php.net/curl
<?php
/*
* @return string
* @param string $url
* @desc Return string content from a remote file
* @author Luiz Miguel Axcar (lmaxcar@yahoo.com.br)
*/
function get_content($url)
{
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
ob_start();
curl_exec ($ch);
curl_close ($ch);
$string = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
return $string;
}
#usage:
$content = get_content ("http://www.php.net");
var_dump ($content);
?> ideacode ¶
8 years ago
Note that whether you may open directories is operating system dependent. The following lines:
<?php
// Windows ($fh === false)
$fh = fopen('c:\\Temp', 'r');
// UNIX (is_resource($fh) === true)
$fh = fopen('/tmp', 'r');
?>
demonstrate that on Windows (2000, probably XP) you may not open a directory (the error is "Permission Denied"), regardless of the security permissions on that directory.
On UNIX, you may happily read the directory format for the native filesystem. ken dot gregg at rwre dot com ¶
9 years ago
PHP will open a directory if a path with no file name is supplied. This just bit me. I was not checking the filename part of a concatenated string.
For example:
<?php
$fd = fopen('/home/mydir/' . $somefile, 'r');
?>
Will open the directory if $somefile = ''
If you attempt to read using the file handle you will get the binary directory contents. I tried append mode and it errors out so does not seem to be dangerous.
This is with FreeBSD 4.5 and PHP 4.3.1. Behaves the same on 4.1.1 and PHP 4.1.2. I have not tested other version/os combinations. Anonymous ¶
10 years ago
To overwrite a file with a new content without deleting it, and without changing the owner or access rights, it's best to not use:
<?php
$file = fopen($filename, 'r+b'); // binary update mode
//...
ftruncate($file, 0);
fwrite($file, $my_stuff);
//...
fclose($file);
?>
but instead the faster one:
<?php
$file = fopen($filename, 'r+b); // binary update mode
//...
rewind($file);
fwrite($file, $my_stuff);
fflush($file);
ftruncate($file, ftell($file));
//...
fclose($file);
?>
The reason is that truncating a file at size 0 forces the OS to deallocate all storage clusters used by the file, before you write your content which will be reallocated on disk.
The second code simply overwrites the existing content where it is already located on disk, and truncates any remaining bytes that may exist (if the new content is shorter than the old content). The "r+b" mode allows access for both read and write: the file can be kept opened after reading it and before rewriting the modified content.
It's particularly useful for files that are accessed often or have a size larger than a few kilobytes, as it saves lots of system I/O, and also limits the filesystem fragmentation if the updated file is quite large.
And this method also works if the file is locked exclusively once opened (but I would rather recommend using another empty file for locking purpose, opened with "a+" access mode, in "/var/lock/yourapp/*" or other fast filesystems where filelocks are easily monitored and where the webserver running PHP is allowed to create and update lock files, and not forgetting to close the lock file after closing the content file). info at b1g dot de ¶
8 years ago
Simple class to fetch a HTTP URL. Supports "Location:"-redirections. Useful for servers with allow_url_fopen=false. Works with SSL-secured hosts.
<?php
#usage:
$r = new HTTPRequest('http://www.example.com');
echo $r->DownloadToString();
class HTTPRequest
{
var $_fp; // HTTP socket
var $_url; // full URL
var $_host; // HTTP host
var $_protocol; // protocol (HTTP/HTTPS)
var $_uri; // request URI
var $_port; // port
// scan url
function _scan_url()
{
$req = $this->_url;
$pos = strpos($req, '://');
$this->_protocol = strtolower(substr($req, 0, $pos));
$req = substr($req, $pos+3);
$pos = strpos($req, '/');
if($pos === false)
$pos = strlen($req);
$host = substr($req, 0, $pos);
if(strpos($host, ':') !== false)
{
list($this->_host, $this->_port) = explode(':', $host);
}
else
{
$this->_host = $host;
$this->_port = ($this->_protocol == 'https') ? 443 : 80;
}
$this->_uri = substr($req, $pos);
if($this->_uri == '')
$this->_uri = '/';
}
// constructor
function HTTPRequest($url)
{
$this->_url = $url;
$this->_scan_url();
}
// download URL to string
function DownloadToString()
{
$crlf = "\r\n";
// generate request
$req = 'GET ' . $this->_uri . ' HTTP/1.0' . $crlf
. 'Host: ' . $this->_host . $crlf
. $crlf;
// fetch
$this->_fp = fsockopen(($this->_protocol == 'https' ? 'ssl://' : '') . $this->_host, $this->_port);
fwrite($this->_fp, $req);
while(is_resource($this->_fp) && $this->_fp && !feof($this->_fp))
$response .= fread($this->_fp, 1024);
fclose($this->_fp);
// split header and body
$pos = strpos($response, $crlf . $crlf);
if($pos === false)
return($response);
$header = substr($response, 0, $pos);
$body = substr($response, $pos + 2 * strlen($crlf));
// parse headers
$headers = array();
$lines = explode($crlf, $header);
foreach($lines as $line)
if(($pos = strpos($line, ':')) !== false)
$headers[strtolower(trim(substr($line, 0, $pos)))] = trim(substr($line, $pos+1));
// redirection?
if(isset($headers['location']))
{
$http = new HTTPRequest($headers['location']);
return($http->DownloadToString($http));
}
else
{
return($body);
}
}
}
?> anfragen at tsgames dot de ¶
3 years ago
Since the http-wrapper doesn't support stat() and so you can't use file_exists() for url's, you can simply use a function like this:
<?php
function http_file_exists($url)
{
$f=@fopen($url,"r");
if($f)
{
fclose($f);
return true;
}
return false;
}
?> Brad G ¶
3 years ago
While adding CFLAGS="-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64" immediately before calling "./configure" on the PHP source will enable support for using fopen() on large files (greater than 2 GB), note that -- if such an installation of PHP is used in conjunction with Apache HTTPD [2.x], Apache will become completely unresponsive even when not serving output from a PHP application.
In order to gain large file support for non-web applications while maintaining the operability of Apache, consider making two distinct PHP installations: one with the above CFLAGS specified during configuration (for non-web uses), and the other without this flag (for use with Apache). rene ¶
3 years ago
if fopen() throws a E_WARNING "failed to open stream: HTTP request failed!" at you when opening a valid URL that you know returns data, i advise you to do the following before calling fopen($url,'r'):
<?php
ini_set ('user_agent', $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']);
?>
or anyways, set that 'user_agent' with ini_set() to something valid.
thanks, pollita|at|php.net @ http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=22937#c64196 , for the clue to this info at NOSPAMPLEASE dot c-eagle dot com ¶
6 years ago
If there is a file that´s excessively being rewritten by many different users, you´ll note that two almost-simultaneously accesses on that file could interfere with each other. For example if there´s a chat history containing only the last 25 chat lines. Now adding a line also means deleting the very first one. So while that whole writing is happening, another user might also add a line, reading the file, which, at this point, is incomplete, because it´s just being rewritten. The second user would then rewrite an incomplete file and add its line to it, meaning: you just got yourself some data loss!
If flock() was working at all, that might be the key to not let those interferences happen - but flock() mostly won´t work as expected (at least that´s my experience on any linux webserver I´ve tried), and writing own file-locking-functions comes with a lot of possible issues that would finally result in corrupted files. Even though it´s very unlikely, it´s not impossible and has happened to me already.
So I came up with another solution for the file-interference-problem:
1. A file that´s to be accessed will first be copied to a temp-file directory and its last filemtime() is being stored in a PHP-variable. The temp-file gets a random filename, ensuring no other process is able to interfere with this particular temp-file.
2. When the temp-file has been changed/rewritten/whatever, there´ll be a check whether the filemtime() of the original file has been changed since we copied it into our temp-directory.
2.1. If filemtime() is still the same, the temp-file will just be renamed/moved to the original filename, ensuring the original file is never in a temporary state - only the complete previous state or the complete new state.
2.2. But if filemtime() has been changed while our PHP-process wanted to change its file, the temp-file will just be deleted and our new PHP-fileclose-function will return a FALSE, enabling whatever called that function to do it again (ie. upto 5 times, until it returns TRUE).
These are the functions I´ve written for that purpose:
<?php
$dir_fileopen = "../AN/INTERNAL/DIRECTORY/fileopen";
function randomid() {
return time().substr(md5(microtime()), 0, rand(5, 12));
}
function cfopen($filename, $mode, $overwriteanyway = false) {
global $dir_fileopen;
clearstatcache();
do {
$id = md5(randomid(rand(), TRUE));
$tempfilename = $dir_fileopen."/".$id.md5($filename);
} while(file_exists($tempfilename));
if (file_exists($filename)) {
$newfile = false;
copy($filename, $tempfilename);
}else{
$newfile = true;
}
$fp = fopen($tempfilename, $mode);
return $fp ? array($fp, $filename, $id, @filemtime($filename), $newfile, $overwriteanyway) : false;
}
function cfwrite($fp,$string) { return fwrite($fp[0], $string); }
function cfclose($fp, $debug = "off") {
global $dir_fileopen;
$success = fclose($fp[0]);
clearstatcache();
$tempfilename = $dir_fileopen."/".$fp[2].md5($fp[1]);
if ((@filemtime($fp[1]) == $fp[3]) or ($fp[4]==true and !file_exists($fp[1])) or $fp[5]==true) {
rename($tempfilename, $fp[1]);
}else{
unlink($tempfilename);
if ($debug != "off") echo "While writing, another process accessed $fp[1]. To ensure file-integrity, your changes were rejected.";
$success = false;
}
return $success;
}
?>
$overwriteanyway, one of the parameters for cfopen(), means: If cfclose() is used and the original file has changed, this script won´t care and still overwrite the original file with the new temp file. Anyway there won´t be any writing-interference between two PHP processes, assuming there can be no absolute simultaneousness between two (or more) processes. nefertari at nefertari dot be ¶
8 years ago
Important note:
You have always to use the real path name for a file with the command fopen [for example: fopen($filename, 'w')], never use a symbolic link, it will not work (unable to open $filename). durwood at speakeasy dot NOSPAM dot net ¶
8 years ago
I couldn't for the life of me get a certain php script working when i moved my server to a new Fedora 4 installation. The problem was that fopen() was failing when trying to access a file as a URL through apache -- even though it worked fine when run from the shell and even though the file was readily readable from any browser. After trying to place blame on Apache, RedHat, and even my cat and dog, I finally ran across this bug report on Redhat's website:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=164700
Basically the problem was SELinux (which I knew nothing about) -- you have to run the following command in order for SELinux to allow php to open a web file:
/usr/sbin/setsebool httpd_can_network_connect=1
To make the change permanent, run it with the -P option:
/usr/sbin/setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect=1
Hope this helps others out -- it sure took me a long time to track down the problem. richard dot quadling at carval dot co dot uk ¶
9 years ago
The issue involving some sites requiring a valid user-agent string when using fopen can easily be resolved by setting the user_agent string in the PHP.INI file.
If you do not have access to the PHP.INI file, then the use of
ini_set('user_agent','Mozilla: (compatible; Windows XP)');
should also work.
The actual agent string is up to you. If you want to identify to the sites that you are using PHP ...
ini_set('user_agent','PHP');
would do.
Regards,
Richard Quadling. dan at cleandns dot com ¶
10 years ago
<?php
#going to update last users counter script since
#aborting a write because a file is locked is not correct.
$counter_file = '/tmp/counter.txt';
clearstatcache();
ignore_user_abort(true); ## prevent refresh from aborting file operations and hosing file
if (file_exists($counter_file)) {
$fh = fopen($counter_file, 'r+');
while(1) {
if (flock($fh, LOCK_EX)) {
#$buffer = chop(fgets($fh, 2));
$buffer = chop(fread($fh, filesize($counter_file)));
$buffer++;
rewind($fh);
fwrite($fh, $buffer);
fflush($fh);
ftruncate($fh, ftell($fh));
flock($fh, LOCK_UN);
break;
}
}
}
else {
$fh = fopen($counter_file, 'w+');
fwrite($fh, "1");
$buffer="1";
}
fclose($fh);
print "Count is $buffer";
?> jphansen at uga dot edu ¶
5 years ago
If you open a file with r+ and execute an fwrite(), writing less to the file than what it originally was, it will result in the difference being padded with the end of the file from the previous end of the file. Example:
<?php
// Open file for read and string modification
$file = "/test";
$fh = fopen($file, 'r+');
$contents = fread($fh, filesize($file));
$new_contents = str_replace("hello world", "hello", $contents);
fclose($fh);
// Open file to write
$fh = fopen($file, 'r+');
fwrite($fh, $new_contents);
fclose($fh);
?>
If the end of the file was "abcdefghij", you will notice that the difference in "hello world" and "hello", 6 characters, will be appended to the file, resulting in the new ending: "efghij". To obviate this, fopen() with +w instead, which truncates the file to zero length. contact at sergeylukin dot com ¶
3 months ago
Here is how you could modify file's contents by only opening it once in "r+" mode:
<?php
$filePath = '/path/to/file';
if( !@$fh = fopen($filePath, 'r+') ) {
die("Could not open $filePath in READ+WRITE mode");
}
// Extract contents
$contents = fread($fh, filesize($filePath));
// ..modify $contents in any way you need..
// Truncate file (important to move the pointer first)
fseek($fh, 0);
ftruncate($fh, 0);
// Write
fwrite($fh, $contents);
fclose($fh);
?> simon dot riget at gamil dot com ¶
6 months ago
Writing and reading on a serial port.
If you are unable or unwilling to install the serial device library for PHP, its still possible to communicate through a serial port or USB device.
There are two issues to note:
- you must use a system call to set the port control options
- you must use NON blocking stream mode for reading (not for writing unless you use flow control)
<?php
// Set timeout to 500 ms
$timeout=microtime(true)+0.5;
// Set device controle options (See man page for stty)
exec("/bin/stty -F /dev/ttyS0 19200 sane raw cs8 hupcl cread clocal -echo -onlcr ");
// Open serial port
$fp=fopen("/dev/ttyS0","c+");
if(!$fp) die("Can't open device");
// Set blocking mode for writing
stream_set_blocking($fp,1);
fwrite($fp,"foo\n");
// Set non blocking mode for reading
stream_set_blocking($fp,0);
do{
// Try to read one character from the device
$c=fgetc($fp);
// Wait for data to arive
if($c === false){
usleep(50000);
continue;
}
$line.=$c;
}while($c!="\n" && microtime(true)<$timeout);
echo "Responce: $line";
?> simon dot riget at gmail dot com ¶
7 months ago
The following is an example of file locking used in a function to share an array between processes.
In this example the function reads the array, possibly remove stuff like spend semaphores and insert new stuff to share.
The file gets locked for writing thus making sure that two processes doesn't inadvertently delete each others data.
The function can be called multiple times during a script, which becomes increasingly important if you write HTML5 Server Sent Events and websockets apps, since the script dose not end when the page are loaded. (there are other issues with that like garbage collection and memory leaks)
Using the “c” mode of fopen, removes the (remote) change of a race condition to the file lock.
Be aware that the function filesize() is not working correctly when files are in cash memory. You could flush the cash or in this case, since the file size of IPC are neglectable, just give a very large number as length parameter to fread.
<?php
function ipc($new_record=""){
$update=false;
// Open file with locking
$handle=fopen("example.dat","c+");
// Lock the file for writing
flock($handle,LOCK_EX);
// Get file size.
// you can either fluch the file cash to get an acurate number
// clearstatcache();
// Or use a large number
// Load event file into array
$contents=fread($handle,10000000);
$ipc_array=json_decode($contents,true);
// Clean out old stuff
if(is_array($ipc_array)){
$timeout=time()-60;
foreach($ipc_array as $key=>$record){
// eg remove spend semaphores or timed out messages
if( $record['time'] < $timeout ){
unset($ipc_array[$key]);
$update=true;
}
}
}
// Add new message
if(is_array($new_record)){
$new_record['time']=time();
$ipc_array[]=$new_record;
$update=true;
}
// Write file and end
if($update){
// Overwrite the old data
ftruncate($handle,0);
rewind($handle);
// Write the new array to file
fwrite($handle,json_encode($ipc_array,JSON_NUMERIC_CHECK));
}
// Unlock the file - you have to do it! it doesn't happen on fclose
flock($handle,LOCK_UN);
// Close the file
fclose($handle);
return $ipc_array;
}
// Read messages
$ipc=ipc();
// Show messages
foreach( $ipc as $record)
echo $record['message'] ."<br>\n";
// Send a message
$message["message"]="hello world.";
$message["foo"]="bar";
$ipc=ipc($message);
?> b dot evieux at gmail dot com ¶
3 years ago
Hello all. I have had trouble getting files through proxy, and the solution posted above only works if the requested file is also hosted on the proxy server (which is quite unlikely). so I've put together the following functions pfopen & preadfile. they quite work like the replaced fopen & readfile, and will resort to them if no proxy is provided :)
<?php
function preadfile($_url, $_proxy_name = null, $_proxy_port = 4480){
if(is_null($_proxy_name) || LOCAL_TEST){
return readfile($_url);
}else{
$proxy_cont = '';
$proxy_fp = pfopen($_url, $_proxy_name, $_proxy_port);
while(!feof($proxy_fp)) {$proxy_cont .= fread($proxy_fp,4096);}
fclose($proxy_fp);
$proxy_cont = substr($proxy_cont, strpos($proxy_cont,"\r\n\r\n")+4);
echo $proxy_cont;
return count($proxy_cont);
}
}
function pfopen($_url, $_proxy_name = null, $_proxy_port = 4480) {
if(is_null($_proxy_name) || LOCAL_TEST){
return fopen($_url);
}else{
$proxy_fp = fsockopen($_proxy_name, $_proxy_port);
if (!$proxy_fp) return false;
$host= substr($_url, 7);
$host = substr($bucket, 0, strpos($host, "/"));
$request = "GET $_url HTTP/1.0\r\nHost:$host\r\n\r\n";
fputs($proxy_fp, $request);
return $proxy_fp;
}
}
?> sean downey ¶
5 years ago
when using ssl / https on windows i would get the error:
"Warning: fopen(https://example.com): failed to open stream: Invalid argument in someSpecialFile.php on line 4344534"
This was because I did not have the extension "php_openssl.dll" enabled.
So if you have the same problem, goto your php.ini file and enable it :) simon dot allen at swerve dot co dot nz ¶
6 years ago
using fopen to upload a file through ftp cannot overwrite that file - use curl instead ceo at l-i-e dot com ¶
7 years ago
If you need fopen() on a URL to timeout, you can do like:
<?php
$timeout = 3;
$old = ini_set('default_socket_timeout', $timeout);
$file = fopen('http://example.com', 'r');
ini_set('default_socket_timeout', $old);
stream_set_timeout($file, $timeout);
stream_set_blocking($file, 0);
//the rest is standard
?> pflaume dot NOSPAM at NOSPAM dot gmx dot de ¶
9 years ago
fopen() and PROXY
I wondered why there is no possibility to use fopen() through a proxy in php. The solution posted above did not work for me.
This little function gets http through a given proxy:
<?php
function proxy_url($proxy_url)
{
$proxy_name = '127.0.0.1';
$proxy_port = 4001;
$proxy_cont = '';
$proxy_fp = fsockopen($proxy_name, $proxy_port);
if (!$proxy_fp) {return false;}
fputs($proxy_fp, "GET $proxy_url HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: $proxy_name\r\n\r\n");
while(!feof($proxy_fp)) {$proxy_cont .= fread($proxy_fp,4096);}
fclose($proxy_fp);
$proxy_cont = substr($proxy_cont, strpos($proxy_cont,"\r\n\r\n")+4);
return $proxy_cont;
}
?> Jhilton a at t nurv dot us ¶
10 years ago
Quick tip. If using fopen to make http requests that contain a querystring, it is advised that you urlencode() your values, else characters like @ can make fopen (or whatever wrapper it is using) throw an error. Anonymous ¶
11 years ago
Note that if specifying the optional 'b' (binary) mode, it appears that it cannot be the first letter for some unaccountable reason. In other words, "br" doesn't work, while "rb" is ok! php at themastermind1 dot com ¶
12 years ago
I have found that I can do fopen("COM1:", "r+"); to open the comport in windows. You have to make sure the comport isn't already open or you will get a permission denied.
I am still playing around with this but you have to somehow flush what you send to the comport if you are trying to communicate realtime with a device. keithm at aoeex dot NOSPAM dot com ¶
12 years ago
I was working on a consol script for win32 and noticed a few things about it. On win32 it appears that you can't re-open the input stream for reading, but rather you have to open it once, and read from there on. Also, i don't know if this is a bug or what but it appears that fgets() reads until the new line anyway. The number of characters returned is ok, but it will not halt reading and return to the script. I don't know of a work around for this right now, but i'll keep working on it.
This is some code to work around the close and re-open of stdin.
<?php
function read($length='255'){
if (!isset($GLOBALS['StdinPointer'])){
$GLOBALS['StdinPointer']=fopen("php://stdin","r");
}
$line=fgets($GLOBALS['StdinPointer'],$length);
return trim($line);
}
echo "Enter your name: ";
$name=read();
echo "Enter your age: ";
$age=read();
echo "Hi $name, Isn't it Great to be $age years old?";
@fclose($StdinPointer);
?> icon at mricon dot com ¶
14 years ago
If you're running PHP as apache module, it will always write files as "nobody", "www", "httpd", (or whatever user your webserver runs as) unless you specify a different user/group in httpd.conf, or compile apache with suexec support.
However, if you run PHP as a CGI wrapper, you may setuid the PHP executable to whatever user you wish (*severe* security issues apply). If you really want to be able to su to other user, I recommend compiling with suexec support.
AFAIK, PHP can't NOT use SuEXEC if apache does. If PHP is configured as an apache module it will act as whatever user the apache is. If apache SuEXEC's to otheruser:othergroup (e.g. root:root), that's what PHP will write files as, because it acts as a part of apache code. I suggest you double-check your SuEXEC configuration and settings. Note: you can't su to another user within the PHP code -- it has to be an apache directive, either through <VirtualHost>, or through .htaccess. Also note: I'm not sure how it all works (if it works at all) on Win32 platforms.
Check www.apache.org to see how it's done. 
来自 http://php.net/manual/zh/function.fopen.php
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